Alcohol Abuse Advice

Apa Citation Guide For Good Proofreading

Citations within the text of the paper or manuscript

Source with one author Insert the surname of the author and year of publication at the appropriate point in the text. Cognitive functioning of gifted children begins at an early age (Pearlman, 2002). If the author or year appears in the text, cite only needed information. Pearlman (2002) tested hundreds of elementary school children.

Source with two authors Cite both authors every time the reference occurs in the text. The concept of identity has been discussed in literature (Burke & Stets, 2009).

Source with three to five authors Cite all authors the first time the reference occurs. In subsequent citations, cite only the last name of the first author followed by et al. First reference within text: Design is integrated with daily life (Shove, Watson, Hand, & Ingram, 2008). Subsequent references: Consumer interests in design have been investigated (Shove et al., 2008).

Anonymous source When an author is designated “Anonymous,” include the word Anonymous followed by a comma and the publication date. Research is a vital part of academic life (Anonymous, 2009).

Source with no author listed Include first few words of the work’s title and year. If the title is of an article, chapter or webpage, use quotation marks: It is reported that numerous adolescents study long hours (“School and teenagers,” 2007). If the title is of a book, periodical, brochure or report, use italics: Young people reported a preference for staying up late (Handbook of adolescents, 2006).

Citations in bibliographies or reference lists
When constructing a reference list or bibliography, arrange all entries in alphabetical order by the surname of the first author.
Journal or Magazine Articles
Article from a print journal
Passons, W. R. (1967). Predictive validities of the ACT, SAT and high school grades for first semester GPA and freshman courses. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 27(4, pt. 2), 1143-1144.

Article from a journal with continuous paginationIf a journal uses continuous pagination for the entire volume, do not include the issue number in the citation.
Lahey, B. B. (2009). Public health significance of neuroticism. American Psychologist, 64, 241-256.

Article from a journal with non-continuous pagination If each issue of a journal starts with page 1, include the issue number in the citation.
Barclay, M. W. (1993). The echo phase. Journal of Phenomenological Psychology, 24(1), 17-45.

Article from an online journal with DOI (Digital Object Identifier) Assigned Sawyer, J. (1966). Measurement and prediction, clinical and statistical. Psychological Bulletin, 66(3), 178-200. doi:10.1037/h0023624
Updated 2/2/2010
Article from an online journal without DOI
Philipp, S. (2000). Race and the pursuit of happiness. Journal of Leisure Research, 32(1), 121-125. Retrieved from Academic Search Complete database.
Article with no author identified
[Review of the book Drive: 9 ways to motivate your kids to achieve, by J. W. Caffrey]. (2009). Adolescence, 44(173), 245.
Article with two to seven authors
Use an ampersand (&) before the last author. Liberman, V., Boehm, J. K., Lyubomirsky, S., & Ross, L. D. (2009). Happiness and memory: Affective significance of endowment and contrast. Emotion, 9(5), 666-680. doi:10.1037/a0016816
Books

Book with a single author or editor
Arnheim, R. (1974). Art and visual perception: A psychology of the creative eye. (New version). Berkeley, CA: University of California Press.

Book with two to seven authors Use an ampersand (&) before the last author. Festinger, L., Riecken, H. W., & Schachter, S. (1956). When prophecy fails. Minneapolis, MN: University of Minnesota Press.

Article or chapter in an edited book
Nelson, G., Lavoie, F., & Mitchell, T. (2007). The history and theories of community psychology in Canada. In S. M. Reich, M. Riemer, I. Prilleltensky, & M. Montero (Eds.), International community psychology: History and theories (pp. 13-36). New York, NY: Springer.

Electronic version of print book
Kappeler, P. M., & Silk, J. B. (Eds.). (2010). Mind the gap: Tracing the origins of human universals [SpringerLink version]. doi: 10.1007/978-3-642-02725-3

Other types of materials

Book review
Grant, A. M. (2009). [Positive psychology coaching: Putting the science of happiness to work for your clients, by R. Biswas-Diener and B. Dean]. The Journal of Positive Psychology, 4(5), 426-429. doi:10.1080/17439760902992498

Dissertation
Choe, Y. (2009). Individual differences in understanding speech (Doctoral dissertation). Retrieved from ProQuest Dissertations & Theses. (UMI No. 3319473)

Government document U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism. (2001). Cognitive impairment and recovery from alcoholism (Alcohol Alert No. 53). Rockville, MD: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Alcohol, Drug Abuse, and Mental Health Administration.
Web page Autism Speaks Inc. (2005). Autism speaks. Retrieved from http://www.autismspeaks.org/index.php

Tip for citing: You may need to cite an item for which there is no example in the authoritative source, the Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association. Use the Publication Manual, available at your local campus library, to help you adapt a related citation style.

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