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Causes ,effects symptoms and treatments of bladder cancer

Bladder Cancer: Bladder is the hollow organ which stores urine and waste extracts produced by the kidneys. Bladder cancer occurs due to the unusual growth of bladder cells in the inner lining of the bladder walls without controlling limit. Due to the abnormality function of these cells they form a tissue which is termed as tumor.

Bladder cells plays major role in defining bladder cancer. All the organs and tissues in the body are made up by tiny body cells. These cells have a constant process of dying and replacing new cells. This is the general process carried by them, if there is any malfunction in their life cycle then there is a chance for the occurrence of cancer. Tumor occurs due to the formation of excess cells in the body. There are two types of Tumors one is benign tumor and the other is malignant tumor .Benign tumor is not cancerous but can cause damage to the adjacent organs if it grows continuously at a single site. Malignant tumor is cancerous, it spreads through out the body and damages the entire body organs.

There are different types of cells in the bladder in which the cells which are lining inside the bladder wall are having more chances to develop cancer. They are total three different types of bladder cancers .

• Transitional cell carcinoma ( urothelial carcinoma): This is the most common type of bladder cancer. This cancer occurs due to the changes of transition cells which present in the inner lining of the bladder wall.

• Squamous cell carcinoma: This cancer occurs due to the inflammation or infection of the bladder.

• Adenocarcinoma cancer: This cancer occurs due to the growth of unnecessary glands in the bladder. These glands produce mucus which causes infection and inflammation in the bladder size.

Causes of Bladder cancer: There is no exact reason for the occurrence of bladder cancer, but the risk factors for bladder cancer can be identified. Here is the list of risk factors for bladder cancer.

Risk factors of Bladder cancer:

• Age
• Gender
• Smoking
• Alcohols
• Family pedigree
• External beam radiation
• Infection of parasites
• Urinary stones
• Inflammation of bladder
• High saturated fat foods
• Diet and food intake

Symptoms of bladder cancer:

• Blood in the urination
• Urination pain
• Regular feel of urination
• Infections
• Bladder stones

These are the symptoms and signs for the bladder cancer. If the symptoms persist for longer time then consult the doctor for screening purpose.

Treatment for Bladder cancer:

There are total four types of treatment available for bladder cancer, they are:

Surgery: surgery is the most common of type of treatment available for removing the tumor. The kind of treatment is decided well by the doctor by determining the stage and severity of the cancer. They are total three types of surgeries which can be carried by identifying the severity of the cancer.

• Transurethral resection: This kind of treatment is carried by inserting a cystoscope into the urethra and from there the tumor is removed by using some tools. After that, the affected area is burned to kill the remaining cancer cells by using electric current, this process is called as fulguration.

• Radical cystectomy: This surgery is carried for treating invasive bladder cancer. In this treatment the entire bladder is removed along with the adjacent effected organs for stopping spreading of the disease.

• Segmental cystectomy: This treatment process is useful in removing the only effected part in the bladder. This operation is carried to clear the entire effected part of the bladder.

Chemotherapy: Chemotherapy is one of the treatment methods useful in killing cancer causing cells by the usage of drugs. This treatment process is carried by either pills or through intravascular injections. The anti-cancer drug enters into the bloodstream and travels towards the damaged tissues and destroys the caner cells.
Chemotherapeutic drugs attacks the cancer cells by stopping their unusual growth. The nature of the cancer cells were brought to the normal condition by controlling the divisibility of the cells. These drugs are carried in the bloodstream to kill destroy all the cancer cells within short period of time.

Radiotherapy: Radiotherapy is a process for removing cancer cells in bladder by using high intensity x-rays. These high energy x-rays are aimed at the cancer affected part of the body to destroy the cancer cells. This process causes damage to the normal cells for its side effects. There are two types of radiotherapy treatments they are.

• External radiations: Radiations are given from the external side of the body. These radiations are aimed at the effected area from outside the body.
• Internal radiations: Radiations are passed into the body by making some small incisions in the bladder area. This treatment gives better results than the external radiation therapy.

Biotherapy: Due to weak immune system in the body, there are chances for the development of cancer. So, this Biotherapy treatment process is useful in rebuilding strong immune system in the body. Biotherapy is also called as immunotherapy or biological response modifier therapy. This treatment process is really useful in repairing, enhancing and stimulating the weak immune system of the body. This process can be carried along with surgery, chemotherapy and radiotherapy.

Bladder cancer is treated as a serious problem due to its effects. Bladder cancer can spread to other parts of the body so, please consult the doctors if you notice any of the symptoms mentioned above.Bladder cancer can also cause ovarian cancer due to metastatic characteristics.