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Diversity Issues in Substance Abuse Treatment and Research

New – Understanding diversity will help break down barriers to effective treatment and research of substance dependence. In this textbook, the author defines what is meant by diversity and reviews what we know today about the effects of alcohol, tobacco, marijuana, cocaine and crack, hallucinogens and heroin. This is then put into a broader context by examining the development of policy with particular emphasis on those who were perceived to be the most fervent users of substance. Communities ex

Price: $ 14.41
Sold by Alibris U.K., Inc.

Hyperprolactinemia: Causes, Symptoms, Prognosis, Diagnosis and Latest Treatment

Hyperprolactinemia is one of the most common pituitary abnormalities, which is caused by an increased secretion of prolactin (above 20ng/ml) from the pituitary gland.  Although the disorder is detected in less than 1% of the general population, it has been found in up to 25% of patients with secondary amenorrhea. 

The most common symptoms of hyperprolactinemia are secondary amenorrhea (cessation of menstruation) and/or galactorrhea (the secretion of breast milk in men, or in women who are not breastfeeding an infant).  In men, hyperprolactinemia may also lead to decreased libido or erectile dysfunction. 

 

Causes and Treatments

Pathologic hyperprolactinemia can have many different causes.  It can be caused by prolactinomas (benign tumors of the pituitary glands), hypothyroidism or treatment with certain medications (e.g. clozapine, methyldopa, phenothiazine derivates and metoclopramide).

Cirrhosis ? Causes, Symptoms, Treatment and Prevention

An abnormal liver condition characterized by irreversible scarring of the liver. Alcohol and viral hepatitis B and C are among the many causes of cirrhosis. Cirrhosis can cause yellowing of the skin (jaundice), itching, and fatigue. Diagnosis of cirrhosis can be suggested by physical examination and blood tests, and can be confirmed by liver biopsy in some patients. Complications of cirrhosis include mental confusion, coma, fluid accumulation (ascites), internal bleeding, and kidney failure. Treatment of cirrhosis is designed to limit any further damage to the liver as well as complications.

The liver, the largest organ in the body, is essential in keeping the body functioning properly. It removes or neutralizes poisons from the blood, produces immune agents to control infection, and removes germs and bacteria from the blood. It makes proteins that regulate blood clotting and produces bile to help absorb fats and fat-soluble vitamins. You cannot live without a functioning liver.

Lung Cancer ? Causes, Symptoms and Treatment

 

Lung cancer is a disease of uncontrolled cell growth in tissues of the lung. This growth may lead to metastasis, invasion of adjacent tissue and infiltration beyond the lungs. The vast majority of primary lung cancers are carcinomas of the lung, derived from epithelial cells. Lung cancer, the most common cause of cancer-related death in men and the second most common in women,[1][2] is responsible for 1.3 million deaths worldwide annually.

What causes lung cancer?

Smoking

The incidence of lung cancer is strongly correlated with cigarette smoking, with about 90% of lung cancers arising as a result of tobacco use. The risk of lung cancer increases with the number of cigarettes smoked over time; doctors refer to this risk in terms of pack-years of smoking history (the number of packs of cigarettes smoked per day multiplied by the number of years smoked).